ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Milrinone increases intracellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate concentration and enhances vascular relaxation. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) plays a key role in inflammatory responses during ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We aimed to investigate the effect of milrinone on the inflammatory responses and NF-kB activation in renal I/R injury in mice. METHODS: Thirty C57BL/6 mice were allocated into 3 groups. In group S (n = 10), only right nephrectomy was done. In group C (n = 10), the left kidney was subjected to 30 min of ischemia after right nephrectomy. In group M (n = 10), milrinone (5 microg/kg) was administered before ischemia. After 24 hours of reperfusion, the serum creatinine was measured, kidney samples were obtained for histology, and expressions of NF-kB and proinflammatory cytokines were analyzed. RESULTS: In group C, the serum creatinine concentration was markedly elevated, compared with group S. Creatinine concentration in group M was also elevated, but it was significantly lower than that in group C. Histologic evidence of renal damage was severe in group C, but it was improved in group M. In groups C and M, expression of NF-kB, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) mRNA increased significantly compared with group S (P < 0.05). But group M showed a lower expression of NF-kB, TNF-alpha, ICAM-1, MCP-1 and MIP-2 mRNA than group C (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Milrinone treatment attenuates the renal inflammatory response and activation of NF-kB, resulting in improvement of renal function and tissue injury.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Adenosine , Chemokine CCL2 , Creatinine , Cytokines , Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 , Ischemia , Kidney , Macrophages , Milrinone , Nephrectomy , NF-kappa B , Relaxation , Reperfusion , Reperfusion Injury , RNA, Messenger , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaABSTRACT
Vocal cord paralysis is one of the most serious complications, which, in most situations, is preventable, associated with tracheal intubation. Unilateral vocal cord paralysis following tracheal intubation usually causes hoarseness. Postoperative vocal cord paralysis may be due to mechanical or neurogenic factors. The patient complained of hoarseness one day after operation and coughing on swallowing water ten days after operation. The vocal cords were examined with a fiberoptic nasopharyngolaryngoscopy and the right vocal cord was fixed in the paramedian position. We present a case of unilateral vocal cord paralysis following endotracheal intubation in a 71-year-old male patient with descending colon carcinoma and left renal cell carcinoma.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Carcinoma, Renal Cell , Colon, Descending , Cough , Deglutition , Hoarseness , Intubation , Intubation, Intratracheal , Vocal Cord Paralysis , Vocal Cords , WaterABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Arterial blood gas analysis is frequently performed in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to evaluate ventilation and the metabolic state of critically ill infants. In occasions when umbilical arterial catheterization is not available, frequent arterial puncture is mandatory. This requires some technical skill and may occasionally have side effects. So we studied the validity of capillary blood gas analysis which can be performed conveniently compared with arterial blood. METHODS: Twenty-four neonates admitted to NICU during April to Aug. 2001 were studied. They were more than two weeks old without indwelling arterial catheters. Thirty-six times, simultaneous arterial, and capillary blood gases were drawn by puncture and the pH, pCO2 and pO2 of each sample was measured. Blood pressure and body temperature was checked before sampling to rule out impaired peripheral circulation. Capillary blood was collected from warmed heels. RESULTS: There was a strong correlation between capillary and arterial pH(r=0.91, P<0.05). The absolute value of the difference between arterial and capillary pH was less than 0.05. Also capillary pCO2 showed correlation with arterial pCO2(r=0.77, P<0.05). Despite a statistically significant correlation between capillary and arterial pO2(r=0.68, P<0.05), the absolute value of the difference was more than 10 mmHg in 92% of cases. CONCLUSION: Capillary blood gases accurately reflected arterial pH and pCO2 and showed a relative correlation with pO2. Capillary blood gas analysis can be a useful alternative to arterial blood when continuation of the umbilical arterial catheter is no longer available.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Blood Gas Analysis , Blood Pressure , Body Temperature , Capillaries , Catheterization , Catheters , Critical Illness , Gases , Heel , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Intensive Care, Neonatal , Punctures , VentilationABSTRACT
XX male has a male phenotype with testes or gonads of testicular type and a female chromosomal constitution of 46, XX with no evidence of either ovarian tissue or female genital organs. Generally, they have normal male genitalia and all are infertile. We experienced a neonate with anophthalmia, hypospadia, small penis, and normal testes, whose chromosomal analysis demonstrated 46, XX. Polymerase chain reaction revealed the existence of a sex-determining region of Y (SRY). These findings suggest that the translation of an SRY on the X chromosome led to the development of a male phenotype. We report the case with a review of the related literature.